Abstract
Purpose: To develop and evaluate a resident-centered competitive-intelligence framework that converts multidimensional assessments of urban visual advertising into strategic governance priorities.
Methodology/approach: The analysis combined 600 complete urban-resident profiles, 45 core measurement items, and 2,400 repeated evaluations of eight advertising scenarios. Reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, HC3-robust standardized regressions, 3,000-resample bootstrap mediation, cross-validated prediction, generalized estimating equations, repeated-measures priority testing, and stability-checked segmentation were used.
Originality/Relevance: The framework integrates aesthetic fit, contextual congruence, informational value, environmental sustainability, clutter, safety, accessibility, privacy, transparency, legitimacy, public preference, and governance support within one decision architecture.
Key findings: Governance transparency and trust was the strongest antecedent of perceived public value and legitimacy (β = .320), and legitimacy was the strongest direct predictor of public preference evaluation (β = .244). Public preference and governance transparency jointly explained 34.0% of policy-support variation. Approval was highest for context-sensitive, safeguarded scenarios and lowest for high-brightness, cluttered, and sensitive-location installations. Ten hypotheses were supported; the adjusted direct privacy path and scenario heterogeneity hypothesis were not supported.
Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study positions legitimacy as the principal conversion mechanism through which public value, sustainability, and institutional transparency become preference intelligence, and it links attitudinal evidence to scenario evaluation, intervention ranking, and resident profiles without treating cross-sectional associations as causal effects.
References
Allam, Z., Sharifi, A., Bibri, S. E., Jones, D. S., & Krogstie, J. (2022). The metaverse as a virtual form of smart cities: Opportunities and challenges for environmental, economic, and social sustainability in urban futures. Smart Cities, 5(3), 771–801. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030040
Aoki, N. (2021). The importance of the assurance that ‘humans are still in the decision loop’ for public trust in artificial intelligence (AI): Evidence from an online experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106572
Bibri, S. E. (2021). Data-driven smart sustainable cities of the future: An evidence synthesis approach to a comprehensive state-of-the-art literature review. Sustainable Futures, 3, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2021.100047
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2021). A novel model for data-driven smart sustainable cities of the future: The institutional transformations required for balancing and advancing the three goals of sustainability. Energy Informatics, 4, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-021-00138-8
Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092
Del Río Castro, G., González Fernández, M. C., & Uruburu Colsa, Á. (2021). Unleashing the convergence amid digitalization and sustainability towards pursuing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A holistic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 122204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122204
European Union. (2022). Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union, L 277, 1–102.
European Union. (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union, L 2024/1689.
Feroz, A. K., Zo, H., & Chiravuri, A. (2021). Digital transformation and environmental sustainability: A review and research agenda. Sustainability, 13(3), 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031530
Floridi, L. (2021). The European legislation on AI: A brief analysis of its philosophical approach. Philosophy & Technology, 34, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-021-00443-8
George, G., Merrill, R. K., & Schillebeeckx, S. J. D. (2021). Digital sustainability and entrepreneurship: How digital innovations are helping tackle climate change and sustainable development. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 999–1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719899425
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hanelt, A., Bohnsack, R., Marz, D., & Antunes Marante, C. (2021). A systematic review of the literature on digital transformation: Insights and implications for strategy and organizational change. Journal of Management Studies, 58(5), 1159–1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12639
Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Jöhnk, J., Weißert, M., & Wyrtki, K. (2021). Ready or not, AI comes—An interview study of organizational AI readiness factors. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63, 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-020-00676-7
Kaur, D., Uslu, S., Rittichier, K. J., & Durresi, A. (2022). Trustworthy artificial intelligence: A review. ACM Computing Surveys, 55(2), Article 39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491209
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). Guilford Press.
Kraus, S., Durst, S., Ferreira, J. J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., & Weinmann, A. (2022). Digital transformation in business and management research: An overview of the current status quo. International Journal of Information Management, 63, 102466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102466
Kraus, S., Jones, P., Kailer, N., Weinmann, A., Chaparro-Banegas, N., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital transformation: An overview of the current state of the art of research. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047576
Kyba, C. C. M., Altıntaş, Y. Ö., Walker, C. E., & Newhouse, M. (2023). Citizen scientists report global rapid reductions in the visibility of stars from 2011 to 2022. Science, 379(6628), 265–268. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq7781
Madan, R., & Ashok, M. (2023). AI adoption and diffusion in public administration: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 40(1), 101774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101774
Madureira, L., Popovič, A., & Castelli, M. (2021). Competitive intelligence: A unified view and modular definition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121086
Mikalef, P., & Gupta, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence capability: Conceptualization, measurement calibration, and empirical study on its impact on organizational creativity and firm performance. Information & Management, 58(3), 103434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103434
Mouratidis, K. (2021). Urban planning and quality of life: A review of pathways linking the built environment to subjective well-being. Cities, 115, 103229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103229
Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and management: The automation–augmentation paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192–210. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0072
Ranjan, J., & Foropon, C. (2021). Big data analytics in building the competitive intelligence of organizations. International Journal of Information Management, 56, 102231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102231
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 1035–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Sharifi, A. (2021). Urban sustainability assessment: An overview and bibliometric analysis. Ecological Indicators, 121, 107102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107102
Talaoui, Y., & Kohtamäki, M. (2021). 35 years of research on business intelligence process: A synthesis of a fragmented literature. Management Research Review, 44(5), 677–717. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2020-0386
Tangi, L., Janssen, M., Benedetti, M., & Noci, G. (2021). Digital government transformation: A structural equation modelling analysis of driving and impeding factors. International Journal of Information Management, 60, 102356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102356
UN-Habitat. (2022). World cities report 2022: Envisaging the future of cities.
UNESCO. (2021). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence.
van Noordt, C., & Misuraca, G. (2022). Artificial intelligence for the public sector: Results of landscaping the use of AI in government across the European Union. Government Information Quarterly, 39(3), 101714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101714
Veale, M., & Zuiderveen Borgesius, F. (2021). Demystifying the draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Computer Law Review International, 22(4), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.9785/cri-2021-220402
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation: A multidisciplinary reflection and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
World Health Organization. (2023). Global status report on road safety 2023.
Yigitcanlar, T., Kankanamge, N., Regona, M., Ruiz Maldonado, A., Rowan, B., Ryu, A., Desouza, K. C., Corchado, J. M., Mehmood, R., & Li, R. Y. M. (2021). Responsible urban innovation with local government artificial intelligence (AI): A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010071
Zuiderwijk, A., Chen, Y.-C., & Salem, F. (2021). Implications of the use of artificial intelligence in public governance: A systematic literature review and a research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 38(3), 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101577
